In a sense, therefore, theories of revolutionary war, or counter-insurgency, are really the opposite sides of the same coin. The occupying forces are enough in control of the area that local guerrillas fight as, in effect, part-time soldiers, usually attacking by surprise at night, and then resuming their civilian occupations during the day. On the other hand, in a technical sense guerrilla warfare is revolutionary war at its most basic level. Continued operations by such formally organized regular units indicate that the country is far from under the control of, or pacified by, the invader. In terms of revolutionary warfare, however, much of his study had to do with what is usually considered partisan, or irregular, warfare, rather than what is often described as guerrilla war. In contrast to regular armies fighting each other from essentially fixed lines, irregular warfare involves skirmishes, sometimes behind enemy lines, by small army or militia units. Skeptical of the project as a whole, he confessed, I justified taking its modest stipend by thinking that the American Revolutionary War had a few lessons for our own time. John Shy, whose essay The American Revolution: The Military Conflict Considered as a Revolutionary War, is recognized as a path-breaking study in this area, later acknowledged that the piece emerged out of some contract work which he did for the Pentagon in 1965 during the Vietnam War, having to do with Isolating the Guerrilla from his civilian support. Until recently, few historians had analyzed the American Revolution from the perspective of what in the twentieth century has come to be known as revolutionary warfare. The military history of the Revolution was usually separated from the political, social, or economic history of the War, and dealt mostly with battles between traditionally organized armies. This work was first published in Christianity & Civilization, Vol.2, The Theology of Christian Resistance, Geneva Divinity School Press, Tyler, Texas, 1983. He has written an insightful essay on part of the guerrilla struggle against the British here in colonial America. William Marina, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, is a leading advocate of the school of thought that considers the American Revolution as a classic example of a successful guerrilla war. These brought home the point to King Goerge and his soldiers that his rebellious colonists, armed to the teeth, made the job of quelling the rebellion highly costly and very unlikely to succeed. Countless small encounters between American colonists, using their own personal arms, and bands of English soldiers or Tories occurred throughout our War of Independence. Guerrilla warfare played an important role in our own revolutionary war with England. Guerrilla techniques are recorded in the Bible and are described, sometimes at length, by many ancient historians such as Polybius, Appius, Plutarch, Flavius Jose phus, Herodatus and Tacitus. Ancient Egypt and China both have recorded techniques of guerrilla warfare. The art and strategy of guerrilla warfare have been with mankind for a large portion of its history. Guerrilla warfare is thought by many to be a circumstance of the latter half of the twentieth century. Single Issues of The Independent Review.International Economics and Development.
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